RNA TRANSCRIPTION

 



INTRODUCTION:-

It is the process , where using one strand of DNA as a template RNA is formed by the help of RNA Polymerase by adding ribonucleotide, is called Transcription

WHAT IS RNA?

RNA, is ribonucleic acid, compound of high molecular weight that functions in cellular protein synthesis and replaces DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) as a carrier of genetic codes. RNA consists of ribose nucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds, forming strands of varying lengths. The nitrogenous bases in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil, which replaces thymine in DNA.



NECESSITY OF:-

  1. Template DNA
  2. RNA Polymerase
  3. Ribonucleotide Triphosphate
  4. Sigma-Factor
  5. Row-Factor

PROCESS:-

The whole process is done through 3 steps. They are-

INITIATION

  1. RNA POL binds with particular place of DNA. Site is Promoter site
  2. In case of Procaryote, Promoter site is known as Pribnow box(5’TATAAT3’
  3. IN case of Eucaryote, Site is known as TATA BOX (5’TATAAAA3’)
  4. After detecting promoter site RNA POL attaches with binding site. Left side is UP stream and right side is DOWN stream.
  5. RNA POL helps to destroy the Hydrogen bond in the DNA and to separate two strand
  6. Adding Sigma Factor with RNA POL it makes Holoenzyme and RNA synthesis starts. Adding 10 ribonucleotide sigma factors become separated

ELONGATION:-

  1. After separation of Sigma factor the lace f it s taken by NUS-A Protein.
  2. At the presence of  NUS-A protein, RNA polymerase synthesis RNA from 5’à3’

TERMINATION:-

  1. ROW-DEPENDENT TERMINATION:-

It Depends on the presence of Row Protein

When it comes contact with RNA Pol, t stops RNA synthesis And Transcription ends

b.  ROW-INDEPENDENT TERMINATION:-

It does not Depends on the presence of Row Protein. The Termination of process happens by making hair pin loop structure by itself.


INITIATION


                                                                        ELONGATION


TERMINATION

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