GARMENTS FROM SMALL FIBRES

 ABSTRACT

Garments are now an important things and it is is an important requirements for living in our society. This Garments are produced from small fibres and from that fibres which are made by Polymers. There are so many processes that are involved in the manufacturing  of garments like Ginning, Opening, Cleaning, Carding, Drawing, Rove Formation, Yarn Formation, Fabric Formation, Chemical Processing and Finishing.

INTRODUCTION

All the garments are produced from fibres. They are known as basic building blocks of textile material. Fibres are nothing but hair like substance thar are produced from polymers. Fibres go through some process to form garments

General flowchart of forming garments

Raw fibre----> Ginning----> Opening---->Cleaning----> carding----> drawing----> Roving---->Yarn Formation---->Fabric Formation---->Chemical Processing-----> Final product



Raw fibre Selection

Raw Fibre is to be taken on the basis of garments we want to produce. Suppose our aim is to make Cotton Fabric, we have to take Cotton fibre as a raw fibre, beside this if we want to make polyester cotton blend fabric then we have to take both polyester and cotton at an particular ratio. Blend fabric is nothing but where the numbers of fibres are involved to make the fabric.

Ginning 

 Ginning is the process of picking up of raw fibres from the plants manually or by machine. If the process is done manually then it is called Hand Ginning and if to do the process , machines are used the that is known as Machine Ginning. Here when the cotton bolls are collected from the plants, the lints and cotton seeds are separated



Opening and Cleaning of fibres

After collecting the fibres from the cotton bolls they need to open and clean because there may be amount of impurities like pectic matter, wax, ash or others which may create problem in the further process. Sometimes opening is possible by hands as it helps to remove impurities from the fibres. But in this modern era Technology have been developed and made so many machines to perform this operation. Generally, in the modern machine spiked rollers are used to take the fibres from the storage and it is opened by the same. The place in an industry where the processes like opening and cleaning are done is known as Blowroom Section which consist a number of machineries instead of one machine.






Carding

It involves carding machine which is known as heart of spinning mill. Here feed (input) materials are in lap form or flocks from which are produced in blowroom section. In machine, there are rollers and flats with wirepoints. Wirepoints open the flocks or lap and also clean the materials. From the lap, wirepoints helps to reach in single fibre form. In the output of the machine slivers are formed. 





                                        

Drawing

Involves Draw Frame machine is used after carding section. In the machine, there are number of rollers. Rollers apply tension in the sliver  and draw it as for each rollers speeds are not same. In the output of the machine slivers are formed that are known as Drawn Sliver. 






Roving

It involves Speed Frame machine is used after draw frame machine. Feed materials are in Drawn Sliver which are produced in Draw frame. In the output of the machine Roves are formed

                                         




Yarn Formation

It involves Ring frame machine that is used after speed frame machine. Feed materials Rove material which are produced in speed frame machine. In the output of the machine yarns are formed




Fabric Formation

Fabrics are produced from the yarn at next. So many fabric formation technique present like weaving, knitting, braiding etc. 

During the time of weaving 2 types of yarns are required, one is in vertical direction and other in horizontal direction



During the time of knitting, 1 type of yarn are required, one yarn helps to produce fabric by interlooping system



Braiding is a method where 3 or more yarn are used. During interlacement, they cross one another and laid together in diagonal form



Chemical Processing

It is done when fabrics are made or can be done before that. The fabric is passed through process where they are treated chemically to make them more effective one. It is not a single step. A large no. Of steps are involved here like

Singeing to remove the protruding fibres from the surface of the fabric or yarn

Scouring, bleaching to remove impurities

Dyeing, Patterning to give colour and pattern to the fabric etc. 



Then Final Fabric/Garments are ready for marketing








Popular posts from this blog

WATER HYACINTH FIBRE

Image
  WATER HYACINTH FIBRE ABSTRACT: - Water Hyacinth is a free-floating perennial plant native to tropical and sub-tropical South America. The water Hyacinth plant is easily spread over the water. It has both negative and positive aspects. Water Hyacinth plant is easily available in ponds, lakes and reservoirs. The scientific name of Water hyacinth is  Eichhornia  crassipes . It is also known as the terror of Bengal because  it is an exotic shrub which is growing at an alarming rate on the surface of water body . It inhibits the grow of fish and other aquatic organisms due to cut down of light and lack of oxygen. The very thing that should be in consideration, Water Hyacinth fibre is bio degradable and if we transform Water Hyacinth fibre into fabric or products by some process, it will be helpful for environment because of biodegradability. So, now a days so many researches are being done   to extract the cellulose from the water hyacinth plant and to convert ...
Read more

VARIOUS TYPES OF PACKAGES TO STORE THE YARN

Image
  Types of Yarn Packages: Understanding Their Forms, Functions, and Applications Abstract Yarn packaging plays a pivotal role in the textile industry, influencing not just the handling and storage but also the efficiency and quality of further textile operations like weaving, knitting, and dyeing. Depending on the end use, yarns are wound into different types of packages, each with unique structural characteristics and mechanical behaviors. Broadly, yarn packages are categorized into parallel wound , near-parallel wound , and cross wound types. This blog delves into each category in detail, elaborating on subtypes such as warp beam, weaver’s beam, pirn, cop, cone, and cheese packages. We will also weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each, helping professionals and learners alike understand how the packaging choice affects textile processes. Introduction In the textile production pipeline, the transformation of raw fibres into usable fabric involves multiple stages—spinn...
Read more

Different Types of Silk: Structure, Properties, and Global Varieties

Image
Abstract Silk, often referred to as the "queen of fibers," stands out as one of the most exquisite and luxurious natural fibers ever known to humankind. Renowned for its stunning luster, softness, and elegant drape, silk is not only a symbol of opulence but also boasts exceptional mechanical properties such as impressive strength, elasticity, and a unique aesthetic allure that sets it apart from other fibers. The distinction of silk lies in its remarkable biological origin, derived from the silk-producing insects like the silkworm, and in its sophisticated polymer system, which gives the fiber its distinctive qualities. Silk has held immense cultural significance across numerous civilizations, symbolizing wealth, status, and artistry. This blog will provide an in-depth exploration of the different types of silk, delving into their molecular structures, mechanical and optical properties, and microstructural characteristics, while also offering cross-sectional views to unders...
Read more