Polymerization Process, Types and examples

 Table of Contents

  • What is Polymerization
  • Details about Polymerization Process
  • Types of Polymerization
  • Examples

What is Polymer and Polymerization?


The word Polymer is come from the Greek word 'Polymeres'. Polymer is a Heavy Chain molecule having high molecular weight. Polymer is made up with small unit and the small units are known as Monomers which are with low molecular weight. From the word 'Polymer' we can see that it is the combination of both 'Poly' and 'mers' (i.e Monomers) So, Adding of Monomers one by one Polymers are made.

Polymerization is that process through which polymer is made from Monomers. It is the process where the monomer units are added one by one to form the Polymer unit.

In 1907, the introduction of Bakelite, the first polymer started the age of polymer. Harman Francis Mark , an Austrian-American chemist was known as the father of Polymer science. Here are so many examples of  Polymers that are used in our daily life. PVC i.e Poly Vinyl Chloride, is a polymer which is made from the monomer Vinyl Chloride. There are so many examples of present in the environment apart from this.







Types of Polymerization

  1. Addition Polymerization:-

It is the type of Polymerization where the monomer unit are added one by one and form the Polymers. This type of Polymerization is completed through three steps and they are-
(a) Initiation, 
(b) Propagation, 
(c) Termination

During the time of initiation, the Polymerization starts by adding the monomer units. During the Propagation phase, monomers are further added with previously made polymer and elongate it's chain. After the completion of adding monomer units, then the Polymerization process is stopped. This phase is known as Termination phase. 
This type of Polymerization is also known as Chain growth Polymerization. 

Process:-





Characteristics:-


( i) Two like molecules are required
(ii) It is very first Polymerization process
(iii) No by products are formed in this type of Polymerization
(iv) Polymers that are produced, generally Thermoplastic in nature

    2. Condensation Polymerization:-


It is the type of Polymerization where the monomer units comes contact with each other and after coming they react in a point and then gives some by product after reaction. 
In this Polymerization, the monomer unit having two reactive group is able to react once. But, the monomer with two reactive group can react more than one time and is suitable for forming the fiber. 
This type of Polymerization is also known as Step growth Polymerization. 

Process:-

 



Characteristics:-

(i) Two unlike molecules are required
(ii) It is a slow Polymerization process
(iii) By products are formed in this type of Polymerization
(iv) Polymers that are produced, generally Thermosetting in nature. 




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