MITOCHONDRIA : THE POWER HOUSE

INTRODUCTION:- 

The Physiologist Albert Von Kolliker was first discovered  Mitochondria in th body on Insects. 
 
Altmann named it as BIOPLAST  and at 1897 Sc. BENDA  named it as MITOCHONDRIA. 

STRUCTURE:-

This cell organelle has several parts. They are as follows-

(I) Outer Membrane:- 
       It is the outermost part of Mitochondria. It consist of Porin channel s in it which helps to pass several molecules through it. 

(II) Inner Membrane:- 
       It is present below the outer membrane in the Mitochondria. 

(III) Peri-mitochondrial space:- 
       It is present in between outer membrane and inner membrane. 

(IV) Cristae:-
       It is made by folding the inner membrane inside. It looks like finger. Here, Crystalline protein is present. 
       Here F1 particles are also known as oxysomes . These particles are present in matrix side of mitochondrial inner membrane. In mitochondria, F1 particles function in synthesizes ATP from ADP + Pi. F1 particles comprise about 15% of the total inner membrane protein.


(V) Matrix:-
       It consist of  Plasma ( water molecules, solid particles)  and  circular DNA, RNA,  Ribosome, Protein and  Enzymes


Enzymes in Mitochondria:-

(a) Inner Membrane :-

      NADH DEHYDROGENASE
      SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE

(b) Outer Membrane:- 

       MONO AMINE OXIDASE 

(c) Peri-mitochondrial Space:-

      ADENYLATE CYCLASE

(d) Matrix:- 
       
      CITRATE SYNTHETASE
       MALLET DEHYDROGENASE


Function:-

(I)Signaling through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.

(II)Regulation of the membrane potential.

(III)Apoptosis-programmed cell death.

(IV)Calcium signaling 

(V)Regulation of cellular metabolism.

(VI)Certain heme synthesis reactions 

(VII)Steroid synthesis.



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