Natural Continuous Filament: SILK

 

INTRODUCTION:
➢ Silk is a textile fiber which is a part of fiber which is a part of polymer so first we have to know what is
polymer.
Polymer: polymers are giant macromolecule with high molecular weight consisting of self replicate chain of
units called monomer .EX-Poly vinyl chloride(PVC),Polyethylene.
Fibers and textile fibers: fibers are hair like polymers found in plant animal tissue and textile fibers are those
which have a minimum amount of interfiber friction and have a aspect(length : breadth) ration of minimum 100.
According to length of the textile fiber it is of two types:
1. Staple fiber(length from 2-46cm)
2. Continuous filament(continuously long)

SILK IS AN NATURAL CONTINUOUS FILAMENT FIBER

ORIGIN OF NAME: The silk was called ‘sioloc’ in the old English though
It’s name is originated from the Greek seres meaning the eastern Asia people , basically Chinese.
❑ DENSITY AND NATURE : Silk is natural continuous filament fiber which is obtained from the
cocoon of the larvae of the mulberry silk worm.it has a density of 1.34 g/cc . That means it is
slightly heavier than water. It is also an protein fiber because it is obtained from animal.
❑ LONGITUDINAL VIEW : Silk has a flat or cylindrical longitudinal view. For
mulberry it is cylindrical and for other types of silk it is flat.


CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW: The silk filament has a triangular cross sectional view. The mulberry silk
has triangular cross section but the other types of silk has
elongated triangle as a cross sectional view.


MICROSTRUCTURE: The silk filament is very fine, consisting of fibroin streams. Silk doesn’t has
such identifiable structure it is made up with the building protein called Fibroins(chemical name of
that protein).It has a size of about 140 nm.

MACROSTRUCTURE: The silk strand s where joined together with the help of a protein called
sericin. The uneven and irregular surface of silk is cause by the coating of sericin on it.Silk is very
weather resistant which is due to the resistivity of the sericin. When sericin is dissolved under alkaline
medium then the rough uneven filaments of silk are the remaining. The filament of silk is translucent
and about 300 meter long. The diameter of silk varies from 12-30 micrometer. It has also an aspect
ration of nearly 2000
posts/554000/4a4254aa-55f5-4ab9-a845-acbeb7e57977/IMG_20230115_001026174.jpg
POLYMER SYSTEM OF SILK
Silk is a linear fibroin polymer consisting of 16 amino acid including glycine , alanine, serine. It
doesn't have sulphuric amino acid so it cannot make disulphide bond to be more strong .The
monomers of silk is the amine acid so there is hydrogen bonding in the silk due to peptide bond
.Silk is made up with layers of polymer which are folded. It is 65-70%crystalline and 30-35%
amorphous. The major attraction between polymer layers are hydrogen bond, which are not
effective greater than the range of 5 nm so layers are to be highly oriented.

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